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Process Data set: [Ciclo Data] (2)| lubricating oil production | lubricating oil | Cutoff, U (en) en

Key Data Set Information
Location CL
Geographical representativeness description The data used has no specific geographical origin as it is based on literature and estimations. The energy consumption is based on data from a large chemical factory located in Germany. These are assumed to be valid for this geography.
Reference year 2000
Name
[Ciclo Data] (2)| lubricating oil production | lubricating oil | Cutoff, U
Classification
Class name : Hierarchy level
  • ILCD: #ECOED / #CICLODATA / Aceite lubricante
General comment on data set ecoQuery: https://ecoquery.ecoinvent.org/3.10/cutoff/dataset/9264/documentation This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of liquid lubricating oil, including additives.;The most important function of lubricants is the reduction of friction and wear. Apart from important applications in internal combustion engines, vehicle and industrial gearboxes, compressors, turbines, or hydraulic systems, there are a vast number of other applications which mostly require specifically tailored lubricants. In terms of quantity, mineral oil components continue to be the most important ingredients of lubricants. Petrochemical components and, increasingly, derivatives of natural, harvestable raw materials from the oleo-chemical industry are finding increasing acceptance because of their environmental compatibility and some technical advantages.;This dataset is based on literature and industrial data. The additives included in the lubricating oil are based on Raimondi et al. (2012). The energy consumption is approximated based on data from a large chemical factory (Gendorf 2016).;References:;Mang, T., Noll, S. and Bartels, T. 2011. Lubricants, 1. Fundamentals of Lubricants and Lubrication. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.;Andrea Raimondi, Giorgia Girotti, Gian Andrea Blengini and Debora Fino (2012) LCA of petroleum-based lubricants: state of art and inclusion of additives. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2012) 17:987–996.;Gendorf (2016) Umwelterklärung 2015, Werk Gendorf Industriepark, www.gendorf.de. From the reception of diesel at the factory gate. This activity ends with 1 kg of lubricating oil at the factory gate. The dataset includes the input materials, energy uses, infrastructure and emissions.
Copyright Yes
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Time representativeness
Data set valid until 2023
Time representativeness description Date of published literature. The energy consumption is based on data published by the Gendorf factory that were collected between 2011 and 2015. The time period has been adjusted accordingly. For more details, see the comments of the exchanges.
Technological representativeness
Technology description including background system A huge variety of different compositions are known under the name “lubricants” – actually, 5’000 to 10’000 different formulations are used to satisfy about 90% of the different lubricants applications. In terms of quantity, mineral oil components continue to be the most important ingredients. But more and more, derivatives of natural, harvestable raw materials from the oleo-chemical sector are finding their acceptance within the used substances.;In 1999 around 37 Mt of lubricants have been consumed – thereof more than half in the automotive sector (56%), and another 29% as industrial lubricants. This amount is produced by around 1700 producers worldwide. Thereof, about 200 are vertically-integrated petroleum companies where lubricants are only a minor part of their profit. Nevertheless, less than 2% of all lubricant manufacturers are producing more than 60% of the total production volume. In case of the remaining 1500 companies, lubricants are their core business. ;In terms of the volume, base oils are the most important parts of lubricants. The rest is composed of additives. For this dataset, the additives are based on data published in Raimondi et al. (2012).;The image above represents the typical yields of the different cuts from a conventional lubricating oil refining process ;To achieve base oils, a variety of different steps have to be done starting with the crude oil that is extracted until the right components are isolated. Different steps therefore are for example refining, distillation, de-asphalting, traditional refining process, solvent dewaxing or finishing. Additional steps that are often used are as well hydrogenation and hydrocracking operations. ;Based on the fact that a multitude of different processes are possible for the production of lubricants, the following choices are done for this dataset – with the aim to create a typical dataset for petrochemical lubricants – called “lubricants”:;- Hydrocracking as basic technology for the extraction of the lubricant oils due to the fact that according to Bartels et al. (2003) more than 50% of the new manufacturing plants work with this principle.;- Distillation and dewaxing as subsequent process steps to achieve high-quality base lubricant oils;- Diesel as input due to the fact that these hydrocracker need low-sulphur oils.;References:;Bartels T., Bock W., Braun J., Busch C., Dresel W., Freiler C., Harperscheid M., Heckler R.-P., Hörner D., Kubicki F., Lingg G., Losch A., Luther R., Mang T., Noll S. and Omeis J. (2003) Lubricants and Lubrication. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Sixth Edition, 2003 Electronic Release (ed. Häussinger P., Leitgeb P. and Schmücker B.), 6 th Electronic Release Edition. Wiley InterScience, New York, Online-Version under: http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/ueic/ull_search_fs.html.;Andrea Raimondi, Giorgia Girotti, Gian Andrea Blengini and Debora Fino (2012) LCA of petroleum-based lubricants: state of art and inclusion of additives. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2012) 17:987–996.
LCI method and allocation
Type of data set Unit process, black box
LCI Method Principle Other
Data sources, treatment and representativeness
Data source(s) used for this data set
Sampling procedure Data based on literature and estimations. The energy consumption is based on data from a large chemical factory located in Germany. The process emissions are based on estimations only.
Completeness
Completeness of product model No statement
Data generator
Data set generator / modeller
Data entry by
Time stamp (last saved) 2024-10-18T12:53:31.034000-03:00
Data set format(s)
Data entry by
Publication and ownership
UUID df841f3e-2196-41d0-9dd6-133f402fe995
Date of last revision 2024-10-16T18:17:41.610000-03:00
Data set version 00.00.008
Unchanged re-publication of
Copyright Yes

Inputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Product flow C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 202:Manufacture of other chemical products / 2023:Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations, pe RoW 0.014976221 kg0.014976221 kg
Product flow C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 202:Manufacture of other chemical products / 2023:Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations, pe RER 0.005431942 kg0.005431942 kg
Product flow
F:Construction / 42:Civil engineering / 429:Construction of other civil engineering projects / 4290:Construction of other civil engineering projects RER 4.0E-10 Item(s)4.0E-10 Item(s)
General comment Calculated based on literature data published by the industry. For this activity, no information was readily available concerning infrastructure and land-use. Therefore, the infrastructure is estimated based on data from two chemical factories, the BASF site of Ludwigshafen and the chemical factory in Gendorf (which are both located in Germany), which produce a wide range of chemical substances. Based on this data, the following assumptions are made: the built area amounts to about 4.2 ha, the plant has an average output of 50'000 t/a and a lifespan of fifty years. The estimated infrastructure amount is therefore 4.00 E-10 units per kg of produced chemical. References: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M. and Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. ecoinvent report No. 8, v2.0. EMPA Dübendorf, Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, CH. Gendorf (2000) Umwelterklärung 2000, Werk Gendorf. Werk Gendorf, Burgkirchen.
Product flow
D:Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply / 35:Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply / 351:Electric power generation, transmission and distribution / 3510:Electric power generation, transmission and distribution RER 1.436627322 MJ1.436627322 MJ
General comment Calculated based on literature data published by the GENDORF Chemical Park. The factory produced an average of 2462760 tonnes of chemical substances (including intermediates) per year in the years 2015-2019. The average consumption of electricity in the years 2015-2019 was 982796751 kWh per year. This equals 0.39906 kWh/kg chemical produced. References: Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2016, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2017, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2020, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit
Product flow
D:Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply / 35:Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply / 351:Electric power generation, transmission and distribution / 3510:Electric power generation, transmission and distribution RER 1.88646884 MJ1.88646884 MJ
General comment Calculated based on literature data published by the GENDORF Chemical Park. The factory produced an average of 2462760 tonnes of chemical substances (including intermediates) per year in the years 2015-2019. The average consumption of natural gas in the years 2015-2019 was 4645920000 MJ per year. This equals 1.8865 MJ/kg chemical produced. References: Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2016, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2017, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2020, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit
Product flow
D:Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply / 35:Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply / 353:Steam and air conditioning supply / 3530:Steam and air conditioning supply RER 0.207809856 MJ0.207809856 MJ
General comment Calculated based on literature data published by the GENDORF Chemical Park. The factory produced an average of 2462760 tonnes of chemical substances (including intermediates) per year in the years 2015-2019. The average consumption of steam (internal and external sources) in the years 2015-2019 was 511785800 MJ per year. This equals 0.2078 MJ/kg chemical produced. References: Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2016, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2017, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2020, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics / 2011:Manufacture of basic chemicals RER 9.5059E-4 kg9.5059E-4 kg
General comment Literature value based on Table 3 in Raimondi et al. (2012), assuming a 98% yield. Hydrogen sulfide is used for the synthesis of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, which can serve as antioxidant and antiwear in lubricating oils. Reference: Andrea Raimondi, Giorgia Girotti, Gian Andrea Blengini and Debora Fino (2012) LCA of petroleum-based lubricants: state of art and inclusion of additives. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2012) 17:987–996.
Product flow C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics / 2011:Manufacture of basic chemicals RER 0.003938158 kg0.003938158 kg
Product flow C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics / 2011:Manufacture of basic chemicals RoW 0.010857761 kg0.010857761 kg
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics / 2011:Manufacture of basic chemicals RER 0.024443738 kg0.024443738 kg
General comment Literature value based on Table 3 in Raimondi et al. (2012), assuming a 98% yield. n-olefins are used here as a proxy for olefin co-polymers, which serve as viscosity modifiers in lubricating oils. Reference: Andrea Raimondi, Giorgia Girotti, Gian Andrea Blengini and Debora Fino (2012) LCA of petroleum-based lubricants: state of art and inclusion of additives. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2012) 17:987–996.
Product flow C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics / 2011:Manufacture of basic chemicals RoW 0.067392996 kg0.067392996 kg
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics / 2011:Manufacture of basic chemicals RER 0.001357985 kg0.001357985 kg
General comment Literature value based on Table 3 in Raimondi et al. (2012), assuming a 98% yield. Phenol is used here as proxy for phenolic antioxidants that are used in lubricating oils. Reference: Andrea Raimondi, Giorgia Girotti, Gian Andrea Blengini and Debora Fino (2012) LCA of petroleum-based lubricants: state of art and inclusion of additives. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2012) 17:987–996.
Product flow C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics / 2011:Manufacture of basic chemicals RoW 0.003744055 kg0.003744055 kg
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics / 2011:Manufacture of basic chemicals RER 9.5059E-4 kg9.5059E-4 kg
General comment Literature value based on Table 3 in Raimondi et al. (2012), assuming a 98% yield. Phosphorus chloride is used for the synthesis of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, which can serve as antioxidant and antiwear in lubricating oils. Reference: Andrea Raimondi, Giorgia Girotti, Gian Andrea Blengini and Debora Fino (2012) LCA of petroleum-based lubricants: state of art and inclusion of additives. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2012) 17:987–996.
Product flow C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics / 2011:Manufacture of basic chemicals RoW 0.002620839 kg0.002620839 kg
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics / 2013:Manufacture of plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms RER 0.016295826 kg0.016295826 kg
General comment Literature value based on Table 3 in Raimondi et al. (2012), assuming a 98% yield. Synthetic rubber is used here as a proxy for polyisobutenyl succinimide, which serves as a dispersant in lubricating oils. Reference: Andrea Raimondi, Giorgia Girotti, Gian Andrea Blengini and Debora Fino (2012) LCA of petroleum-based lubricants: state of art and inclusion of additives. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2012) 17:987–996.
Product flow C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics / 2013:Manufacture of plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms RoW 0.044928664 kg0.044928664 kg
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics / 2011:Manufacture of basic chemicals RER 9.5059E-4 kg9.5059E-4 kg
General comment Literature value based on Table 3 in Raimondi et al. (2012), assuming a 98% yield. Zinc oxide is used for the synthesis of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, which can serve as antioxidant and antiwear in lubricating oils. Reference: Andrea Raimondi, Giorgia Girotti, Gian Andrea Blengini and Debora Fino (2012) LCA of petroleum-based lubricants: state of art and inclusion of additives. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2012) 17:987–996.
Product flow C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics / 2011:Manufacture of basic chemicals RoW 0.002620839 kg0.002620839 kg
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from water / Renewable material resources from water CL 0.014706991 m30.014706991 m3
General comment Calculated based on literature data published by the GENDORF Chemical Park. The factory produced an average of 2462760 tonnes of chemical substances (including intermediates) per year in the years 2015-2019. The average amount of cooling water released in the years 2015-2019 was 34408800 t per year. It was assumed that 5% of the cooling water was emitted to air during its use, therefore, to calculate the input of cooling water, the output value reported by GENDORF was scaled up by the factor 1/0.95. This equals 0.014707 m3/kg chemical produced. References: Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2016, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2017, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2020, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from water / Renewable material resources from water CL 9.65E-4 m39.65E-4 m3
General comment Calculated based on literature data published by the GENDORF Chemical Park. The factory produced an average of 2462760 tonnes of chemical substances (including intermediates) per year in the years 2015-2019. The average consumption of river water in the years 2015-2019 was 22000820 t per year. However, since the cooling water is modelled as an input, the amount of river water was adjusted to avoid double counting. 55% of the input amount of cooling water was deducted from the amount of river water, as that is the share of river water versus well water. This equals 0.00096543 m3/kg chemical produced. References: Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2016, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2017, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2020, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from water / Renewable material resources from water CL 8.17E-4 m38.17E-4 m3
General comment Calculated based on literature data published by the GENDORF Chemical Park. The factory produced an average of 2462760 tonnes of chemical substances (including intermediates) per year in the years 2015-2019. The average consumption of well water in the years 2015-2019 was 18607480 t per year. However, since the cooling water is modelled as an input, the amount of well water was adjusted to avoid double counting. 45% of the input amount of cooling water was deducted from the amount of well water, as that is the share of well water versus river water. This equals 0.00081652 m3/kg chemical produced. References: Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2016, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2017, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2020, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit
Product flow H:Transportation and storage / 50:Water transport / 501:Sea and coastal water transport / 5012:Sea and coastal freight water transport 2.024877126 t*km2.024877126 t*km
Product flow C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics / 2011:Manufacture of basic chemicals RoW 0.002620839 kg0.002620839 kg
Product flow C:Manufacturing / 19:Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products / 192:Manufacture of refined petroleum products / 1920:Manufacture of refined petroleum products 0.816326531 kg0.816326531 kg

Outputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 19:Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products / 192:Manufacture of refined petroleum products / 1920:Manufacture of refined petroleum products CL 1.0 kg1.0 kg
General comment A common function of lubricants is their capability of reducing friction and wear.
Waste flow
E:Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities / 37:Sewerage / 370:Sewerage / 3700:Sewerage RoW 8.078651645644141E-9 m38.078651645644141E-9 m3
General comment Calculated based on literature data published by the GENDORF Chemical Park. The factory produced an average of 2462760 tonnes of chemical substances (including intermediates) per year in the years 2015-2019. The average ouput of wastewater going to an external wastewater treatment plant in the years 2015-2019 was 5608 m3 per year. This equals 0.000002277 m3/kg chemical produced. References: Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2016, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2017, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2020, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit
Waste flow
E:Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities / 37:Sewerage / 370:Sewerage / 3700:Sewerage RoW 2.2690413275646757E-6 m32.2690413275646757E-6 m3
General comment Calculated based on literature data published by the GENDORF Chemical Park. The factory produced an average of 2462760 tonnes of chemical substances (including intermediates) per year in the years 2015-2019. The average ouput of wastewater going to an external wastewater treatment plant in the years 2015-2019 was 5608 m3 per year. This equals 0.000002277 m3/kg chemical produced. References: Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2016, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2017, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2020, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to urban air close to ground CL 0.0204081632653059 kg0.0204081632653059 kg
General comment Estimation. The excess raw materials are assumed to be emitted to air.
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified CL 0.00147007593106921 m30.00147007593106921 m3
General comment Calculated based on literature data published by the GENDORF Chemical Park. The factory produced an average of 2462760 tonnes of chemical substances (including intermediates) per year in the years 2015-2019. To determine the emissions of water to air, the difference of all water inputs (from river, well, tap water and cooling) and outputs (wastewater, emissions to water) was calculated. The average ouput of water to air in the years 2015-2019 was 3620444 m3 per year. This equals 0.00147 m3/kg chemical produced. For more information on the other water exchanges please consult the respective exchange comment. References: Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2016, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2017, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2020, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to water / Emissions to water, unspecified CL 0.0150390618655492 m30.0150390618655492 m3
General comment Calculated based on literature data published by the GENDORF Chemical Park. The factory produced an average of 2462760 tonnes of chemical substances (including intermediates) per year in the years 2015-2019. The amount of water released back to the environment consists of the sum of the amount of process water treated in the internal WWTP that is then released back to the environment and the amount of cooling water released back to the environment. The average ouput of the internal WWTP in the years 2015-2019 was 2628800 m3 and that of cooling water released back to the environment was 34408800 m3. This gives a yearly average of 37037600 m3 emissions of water to water. This equals 0.01504 m3/kg chemical produced. References: Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2016, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2017, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit Chemiepark GENDORF, Umwelterklärung 2020, https://www.gendorf.de/Nachbarn/Umweltschutz/Industrie%20und%20Nachhaltigkeit